Multiple Sclerosis is one of the forms of demyelinating disease of brain and spine. With improving techniques in laboratory testing, newer forms of demyelinating diseases include optic neuritis, NMO spectrum disorder (NMOSD), MOG encephalitis, transverse myelitis (long segment myelitis)

Multiple Sclerosis causes wide variety of symptoms involving different parts of brain and spine

• Vision problems
• Pain and other sensory symptoms
• Paralysis
• Fatigue or generalised weakness: especially if isn’t relieved by sleep or rest. This can be debilitating too
• Muscle symptoms
• Bowel and bladder symptoms 
• Behavior and memory: 
• Vertigo 

Vision loss in multiple sclerosis is due to optic neuritis. This leads to vision loss, pain in eyes, pain in forehead, headache. This can affect one or both eyes and can cause dull ache of eyes, pain with eye movement, impaired or lost vision, black spots in eyes, colour vision abnormality, blind spots, blackout and flashing or flickering lights

Different type of nerve related symptoms include numbness and tingling, prickling, stabbing, tearing sensations of nerves. This can also cause foot drop, wrist drop, weakness of arms and legs, difficulty in walking

Different type of paralysis of one or more limbs, paralysis of both legs, paralysis of one half of body, paralysis of both hands and legs. This can be due  to demyelination of brain and spine

Muscle symptoms include include stiffness, spasms, muscle twitching, thinning, weight loss, and spasticity (involuntary tightness). This can become severe enough to cause loss of ambulation

Bladder and bowel complaints commonly occur in multiple sclerosis. This occur due to spinal cord involvement. This is often misinterpreted as UTI (urinary tract infection). Difficulty in urination, forceful urination, frequent urination, urinary urgency, hesitancy, and/ or constipation. In older individuals this is misinterpreted as BHP (prostate enlargement)

Vertigo is sensation of spinning can result from MS-related damage to the  brainstem (which connects the brain and spinal cord), a lesion in the cerebellum, or abnormal eye movement called nystagmus (moving or shaky eyes).

Multiple sclerosis can cause memory problems, poor concentrating, changes in behaviour, learning problems